Old Pueblo Engineering Center
Founded 2006 in Tucson, AZ. to explore Human/Robot Interactivity
“Drilling Brains for a New & Better Use of Technology”
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Ready-2-Play Robotics
5t4nd1ng @ th3 3dg3 0f 5p3ct4t10n!

Give a child a toy and they're happy for an hour.
Teach a child how to make their own toys, and they're happy for life!


Sending BIT Data to an External Device


A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. Source: Wiki

A loudspeaker (or loud-speaker or speaker) is an electroacoustic transducer; which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. Source: Wiki


Here we are toggling a bit port ... one pin on the MCU chip/module and the frequencey we toggle that pin is how we create tones in the speaker.

A math assignment might be calculating how many toggles or cycles of the PIN going high and low it takes for each note of the scale.


click to magnify the image

With a Frequency Counter or Oscilloscope you can see the exact output!

The two capacitors in the image are not needed most of the time, but help to maintain an even volume by storing the power to drive the speaker as a power ballast.